作者：孙芳锦¹, 贺伟盼¹, 邓富河¹, 卢琛¹, 张大明^2,3

作者单位：1. 桂林理工大学土木与建筑工程学院，广西 桂林 541006;
2. 广西嵌入式技术与智能系统重点实验室，广西 桂林 541006;
3. 桂林理工大学信息科学与工程学院，广西 桂林 541006

关键词：变桨角;尾流分析;大型风力机;风力机机械相似准则

摘要：

以往很少有学者研究大型风力机变桨条件下的尾流，而变桨角度对于大型风力机的尾流特性影响重大。选用美国可再生能源实验室（NREL）大型海上5 MW风力机作为研究对象。根据风力机机械相似准则，将风力机缩小为原尺寸的1/10，基于粘性$k - \omega$ SST湍流模型采用瞬态方法计算尾流。结果表明：随着来流风速和变桨角的增加，风力机的尾流影响的距离越远，所有工况的尾流均在4D左右就开始明显变弱，并且在风力机旋转域周围的风速变化均较剧烈，旋转域后3D内尾流较为对称；背风面速度云图中有着较为清晰的叶轮轮廓，可能是因为旋转域中风力机叶片背风面的边界层的厚度较大，从而使得此处风速降低；受到变桨的作用，外流域尾流气压气流出现偏转现象，距离风力机越远空气流速差也越来越小。

Research on the effect of pitch angle of large wind turbine on wake characteristics
SUN Fangjin¹, HE Weipan¹, DENG Fuhe¹, LU Chen¹, ZHANG Daming^2,3
1. College of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China;
2. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Embedded Technology and Intelligent System, Guilin 541006, China;
3. School of Information Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
Abstract: In the past, few scholars have studied the wake flow of large wind turbines under the condition of pitch, and the pitch angle has a significant impact on the wake characteristics of large wind turbines. Selected the US Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) large offshore 5 MW wind turbine as the research object. According to the mechanical similarity criterion of the wind turbine, the wind turbine is reduced to 1/10 of the original size, and the wake is calculated by the transient method based on the viscous k-ω SST turbulent model. The result shows: with the increase of the pitch angle and the incoming wind speed, the farther the distance affected by the wake of the wind turbine is, the wake of all working conditions will begin to weaken significantly around 4D, and the wind speed changes around the rotation domain of the wind turbine are uniform. Stronger, the wake in 3D is more symmetrical after the rotating domain. The leeward surface velocity cloud chart has a clearer impeller profile, which may be due to the large thickness of the boundary layer on the leeward surface of the wind turbine blade in the rotating domain, which reduces the wind speed here. Due to the effect of the pitch, the wake air pressure in the outer basin is deflected, and the air velocity difference becomes smaller and smaller as it is farther from the wind turbine.
Keywords: pitch angle;wake analysis;large wind turbine;similarity criteria for wind machinery
2022, 48(8):9-16  收稿日期: 2021-04-19;收到修改稿日期: 2021-08-11
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51108345，5216080043）
作者简介: 孙芳锦（1981-），女，辽宁沈阳市人，教授，博士，主要从事绿色建筑能源与工程应用、结构安全状态与评估
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