作者：姚实聪¹, 张明德¹, 周金应¹, 龙军¹, 王锐¹, 兰楠¹, 万里翔²

作者单位：1. 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司，重庆 401122;
2. 西南交通大学机械工程学院，四川 成都 610031

关键词：中国第六阶段;行驶阻力;遗传算法;优化;迭代;超静定方程组

摘要：

依据轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法（中国第六阶段）对某乘用车采用固定式风速仪测试法进行道路滑行试验，测试道路行驶阻力，为解决其试验、数据处理过程耗时过长的问题，考虑引入新方法。从理论分析，建立道路行驶阻力数学模型，把求解道路行驶阻力系数转化为函数最值问题。比较、讨论多种算法，结合VMS3200C设备记录的大量有效试验数据，运用最小二乘法的思想，采用遗传算法对超静定方程组及目标函数进行求解，优化迭代，快速有效地得到道路行驶阻力系数最优解；遗传算法与国Ⅵ标准固定式风速仪测试法数据处理结果相对误差在可接受的范围内，特别是取5对滑行试验数据进行计算时，相对误差最小；优化试验方法，两段滑行法代替五段滑行法，可提高试验效率，同时，省去国Ⅵ标准固定式风速仪测试法繁杂的数据验证过程，说明使用遗传算法优化道路行驶阻力测试的可行性较大。

Application of genetic algorithms in running resistance measurements of CHINA 6 stationary anemometry
YAO Shicong¹, ZHANG Mingde¹, ZHOU Jinying¹, LONG Jun¹, WANG Rui¹, LAN Nan¹, WAN Lixiang²
1. China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401122, China;
2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
Abstract: According to limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles (CHINA 6), the stationary anemometry measurement is used to test road running resistance for a passenger car by road coastdown test. In order to solve the problems that the tests and data processing process take too long, a new method is considered. Based on the theoretical analysis, the mathematical model of road running resistance is established, and the solution of road running resistance coefficient is transformed into the maximum or minimum value of function. A variety of algorithms are compared and discussed. Combined with the large amount of effective test data recorded by VMS3200C and the idea of least square method, genetic algorithms are used to solve the statically indeterminate equations and the objective function. Then the optimal solution of road running resistance coefficient is obtained quickly and effectively from optimization and iteration. The relative error between the data processing results of genetic algorithms and CHINA 6 stationary anemometry measurements is within the acceptable range, especially when five parts coastdown test data is taken for calculation, the relative error is the smallest. The test method is optimized, two parts coastdown method replaces the five parts coastdown method, which improves the tests efficiency. Meanwhile, the complicated data validation process from CHINA 6 stationary anemometry measurements is omitted. It shows that it is feasible to use genetic algorithms to optimize road running resistance measurements.
Keywords: CHINA 6;running resistance;genetic algorithms;optimization;iteration;statically indeterminate equations
2022, 48(6):18-25  收稿日期: 2021-06-22;收到修改稿日期: 2021-08-19
基金项目:
作者简介: 姚实聪（1989-），男，四川绵阳市人，工程师，硕士，研究方向为车辆结构优化与性能控制
参考文献
[1] 轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第六阶段): GB18352.6—2016[S]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2016.
[2] SAE. Road load measurement and dynamometer simulation using coastdown techniques: SAE J1263[S]. Warrendale: SAE, 1996.
[3] 方茂东. 道路行驶阻力的滑行法测量及其在底盘测功机上的设定[J]. 汽车技术, 1996(2): 22-27
[4] International organization for standardization. road vehicles — road load — part 1: determination under reference atmospheric conditions: ISO 10521-1: 2006[S]. Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization, 2006.
[5] 余志生. 汽车理论[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2009: 10-81.
[6] 李晓甫, 赵克刚, 黄向东, 等. 汽车行驶阻力模型参数的确定[J]. 汽车工程, 2011, 33(8): 645-648
[7] 仝晓平, 刘元鹏, 陈南峰. 基于台架模拟检测汽车滑行性能的试验研究[J]. 中国测试, 2011, 37(6): 13-16
[8] 朱佳葆. 基于遗传算法和BP神经网络的车辆行驶阻力预测[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2014.
[9] 牛飞飞, 杜伟涛, 金晓清, 等. 基于国Ⅵ标准的汽车道路滑行试验研究[J]. 中国测试, 2019, 45(7): 11-18
[10] 姚实聪, 万里翔, 王波, 等. 汽车悬架性能评价研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2017, 17(21): 313-323
[11] 陈斐雅, 刘祚时. 基于CRUSE研究不同主减速比对汽车动力性的影响[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2010, 10(33): 8321-8325
[12] 姚海峰, 王亚平, 陈以春, 等. 纯电动汽车动力性能分析与计算[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2010, 10(25): 6351-6353
[13] 刘福才, 潘江华, 韩宗奇. 基于遗传算法的汽车行驶阻力系数测定方法[J]. 汽车工程, 2003(6): 610-612
[14] 雷英杰. matlab遗传算法工具箱及应用[M]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学出版社, 2006: 16-207.