作者：潘龙¹, 邓楚铨², 徐振钦¹

作者单位：1. 南京工程学院 江苏省智能制造装备工程实验室，江苏 南京 211167;
2. 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所，四川 绵阳 621900

关键词：残余应力;钻孔应变法;薄板工件;传递矩阵;校准系数

摘要：

针对ASTM E837标准中钻孔应变法测量薄板工件残余应力计算精度低、计算过程复杂的现状，引入弹性力学应变传递矩阵，根据应力叠加原理推导出残余应力与测量应变关系的解析表达式，进而实验研究采用应变传递矩阵计算残余应力的精度。结果表明：与标定值相比，采用传递矩阵计算的残余应力相对误差绝对值均值小于2%，采用ASTM E837标准中校准系数计算的相对误差绝对值均值为5%左右，采用传递矩阵计算残余应力的精度较高。计算残余应力的传递矩阵解析表达式具有严谨的力学理论推导，包含应变花几何尺寸、钻孔直径、泊松比等参数，具有较高的通用性，避免ASTM E837标准中校准系数的有限元标定，简化测量过程，提高残余应力的测量精度。

Hole-drilling strain-gauge method based on transfer matrix for measuring residual stresses of thin plate
PAN Long¹, DENG Chuquan², XU Zhenqin¹
1. Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China;
2. Institute of Material, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
Abstract: Aiming at the low calculation accuracy and complicated calculation process of the residual stress of thin-plate components by the hole-drilling strain-gauge method in ASTM E837, the strain transfer matrix of elastic mechanics is introduced to deduce the analytical expression of the relationship between the residual stress and the measured strain based on the principle of stress superposition. Then the accuracy of residual stress calculated by using strain transfer matrix is studied experimentally. The results show that compared with the experimental calibration value, the residual stress mean of absolute relative error calculated by using the transfer matrix is less than 2%, and the mean of absolute relative error calculated by using the calibration coefficients in ASTM E837 standard is about 5%. Hence the calculation accuracy of residual stress by using strain transfer matrix is higher. The analytical expression of the transfer matrix is derived from a rigorous mechanical theory, and has a high universality including such parameters as the geometric dimensions of strain rosette, the diameter of borehole and Poisson's ratio, etc. Therefore, this method improves the measuring accuracy of residual stress, and simplifies the measuring process for avoiding the finite element calibration of the calibration coefficients in ASTM E837 standard.
Keywords: residual stress;hole-drilling strain-gauge method;thin-plate components;transfer matrix;calibration coefficient
2021, 47(1):36-41,48  收稿日期: 2020-06-11;收到修改稿日期: 2020-07-28
基金项目: 中国工程物理研究院超精密加工技术重点实验室基金项目(ZD17001)；南京工程学院引进人才科研启动基金项目(YKJ201742)；江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目(18KJB460015)
作者简介: 潘龙(1988-),男,山东济宁市人,讲师,博士,从事残余应力测量和调控技术、脉冲电流处理技术的研究
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