作者：杨文哲, 刘秀成, 龚裕, 何存富
作者单位：北京工业大学机械工程与应用电子技术学院, 北京, 100124
关键词：磁滞回线;磁致伸缩曲线;测试系统;拉应力表征
摘要：
针对弱磁致伸缩特性（峰值应变约十几微应变）的碳钢材料，集成微型拉伸装置、高精度电阻应变仪、交流磁化器和磁测量模块，构建单轴拉伸状态下材料磁滞和磁致伸缩曲线的同步测量系统，实验测试拉应力对45号钢材料磁滞与磁致伸缩曲线的影响规律。结果表明：随拉应力增加，特征参量矫顽力（Hc）、磁致伸缩最大值（λMAX）呈指数下降趋势，饱和磁感应强度（Bs）近乎线性降低；磁参量剩余磁感应强度（Br）、最大磁导率（μmax）和磁致伸缩曲线下极值位置（Hcλ）均呈现先快速增长后缓慢下降的两阶段变化规律，与应力的关系均服从三次多项式方程。标定得到的上述特征参量与应力的关系方程，可用于应力无损表征，从表征能力和测试系统的工程应用性角度对比讨论基于磁滞与磁致伸缩曲线的应力检测方法的特点。
Effect of tensile stress on the magnetic hysteresis and magnetostriction curves of 45 steel
YANG Wenzhe, LIU Xiucheng, GONG Yu, HE Cunfu
College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Abstract: To achieve synchronous measurement of magnetic hysteresis loops and magnetostriction curves of low-magnetostriction materials under uniaxial tension, an experimental system was constructed by integrating micro-tensile device, high-precision strain gauge, AC magnetizer and magnetic measurement module. The effect of tensile stress on the magnetic hysteresis loop and magnetostriction curves of 45 steel was investigated. The results show that with the increase of elastic tensile stress, the feature parameters of coercivity (Hc), maximum magnetostriction (λMAX) demonstrate exponential decreasing trend, the saturation magnetic induction intensity (Bs) linearly decreases while the magnetic remanence (Br), maximum permeability (μmax) and position of the lowest extremum of the magnetostriction curve (Hcλ) exhibit two-stage trend with an initially rapid growth followed by slow decline. The dependency of Br or μmax or Hcλ on the tensile stress can be described by cubic polynomial equation. The obtained calibration equations can be used for tensile stress characterization. The characterization accuracy and applicability of testing system are compared between the magnetic hysteresis loop and magnetostriction curve based methods for stress measurement.
Keywords: magnetic hysteresis loop;magnetostriction curve;testing system;tensile stress characterization
2020, 46(4):136-142 收稿日期: 2019-10-24;收到修改稿日期: 2019-12-31
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFF01012300）;国家自然科学基金项目（11872081，11527801）
作者简介: 杨文哲(1994-),女,河北张家口市人,硕士,专业方向为电磁无损检测
参考文献
[1] MAKAR J M, TANNER B K. The effect of plastic deformation and residual stress on the permeability and magnetostriction of steels[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2000, 222(3):291-304
[2] LEUNING N, STEENTJES S, SCHULTE M, et al. Effect of elastic and plastic tensile mechanical loading on the magnetic properties of NGO electrical steel[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2016, 417:42-48
[3] 任旭虎, 孙晓, 李德文, 等. 基于矫顽力与剩磁的铁磁性材料应力测量[J]. 中国测试, 2018, 44(3):16-22
[4] 吴斌, 李强光, 刘秀成, 等. 基于磁特性曲线的杆件拉力测量及影响因素研究[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2015, 36(3):560-567
[5] 孙霁雯. 力磁耦合原位拉伸/压缩测试单元设计分析与试验研究[D]. 长春:吉林大学, 2017.
[6] ZHENG X J, LIU X E. A nonlinear constitutive model for Terfenol-D rods[J]. Journal of applied physics, 2005, 97(5):053901
[7] 方岱宁, 毛贯中, 李法新, 等. 功能材料的力、电、磁耦合行为的实验研究[J]. 机械强度, 2005(2):217-226
[8] 赵沛. 超磁致伸缩材料力磁耦合特性实验研究[D]. 兰州:兰州大学, 2012.
[9] LAHYAOUI O, LANFRANCHI V, BUIRON N, et al. Effect of mechanical stress on magnetization and magnetostriction strain behavior of non-oriented Si-Fe steels at different directions and under pseudo-DC conditions[J]. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, 2019, 60(2):299-312
[10] SHEIKH A M. On the microstructural stress and strain behavior determination of metallic materials based on electromagnetic phenomena[D]. Saarbrücken:Saarland University, 2015.
[11] KACHNIARZ M, KOŁAKOWSKA K, SALACH J, et al. Magnetoelastic villari effect in structural steel magnetized in the rayleigh region[J]. Acta Phys. Pol. A, 2018, 133:660-662
[12] KULEEV V G, STASHKOV A N, TSAR'KOVA T P, et al. Experimental determination of critical fields of 90-degree domain wall displacement in plastically deformed low-carbon steels[J]. Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing, 2018, 54(10):711-716
