作者：朱振华, 孟德志, 张为, 刘利强

作者单位：长春理工大学机电工程学院，吉林 长春 130022

关键词：换热器管板;胀接接头;开槽形式;拉脱性能;残余应力

摘要：

为增强换热器管板胀接接头在常温下的抗拉强度，通过有限元分析和试验验证，开发一种具有阶梯型开槽结构的管板接头。建立不开槽、标准开槽和阶梯开槽的三种胀接接头的理论分析模型，利用弹塑性理论进行胀接过程和接头拉脱过程的有限元模拟，探究不同开槽形式的胀接接头处的拉脱破坏形式，并且对三种胀接接头开展常温下的拉脱试验，得出不同开槽形式的胀接接头的拉脱力。结果表明：开槽结构的胀接接头的拉脱力明显高于不开槽结构的胀接接头，并且阶梯槽胀接接头的拉脱力最大。阶梯槽胀接接头在拉脱过程中会出现“驼峰形”的陡坡，拉脱难度更大。胀接接头在开槽位置形成多条较宽的高应力残存环带，这些高应力残存环带是保证开槽接头密封性和抗拉脱力的关键因素。

Simulation and experimental study on slotted structure of tubesheet expansion joint of heat exchanger
ZHU Zhenhua, MENG Dezhi, ZHANG Wei, LIU Liqiang
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
Abstract: In order to enhance the tensile strength of tubesheet expansion joint of heat exchanger at room temperature, a tubesheet joint with stepped slotted structure was developed through finite element analysis and experimental verification. The theoretical analysis models of three kinds of expansion joints without slotting, standard slotting and stepped slotting are created. The finite element simulation of expansion process and joint pull-off process is carried out by using elastic-plastic theory, and the pull-off failure forms of expansion joints with different slotting forms are explored. The pull-off tests of three kinds of expansion joints at room temperature were carried out, and the pull-off forces of expansion joints with different slotted forms were obtained. The results show that the pull-off force of the expanded joint with slotted structure is significantly higher than that without slotted structure, and the pull-off force of the expanded joint with stepped groove is the largest. The stepped groove expansion joint will have a "hump shaped" steep slope in the pulling off process, which is more difficult to pull off. Moreover, many wide high stress residual rings are formed at the slotted position of the expansion joint. These high stress residual rings are the key factors to ensure the tightness and tensile force of the slotted joint.
Keywords: heat exchanger tubesheet;expansion joint;slotting form;pull off performance;residual stress
2023, 49(4):134-139  收稿日期: 2021-10-12;收到修改稿日期: 2022-01-06
基金项目:
作者简介: 朱振华(1970-),男,吉林长春市人,副教授,硕士,研究方向为机械设计及理论
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