作者：陈刚1,2, 蒋娟2, 曹鎏2, 李德波1, 鲜啟鸣2
作者单位：1. 南方电网电力科技股份有限公司，广东 广州 510080;
2. 污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室 南京大学环境学院，江苏 南京 210023
关键词：TETA-DTC螯合剂;垃圾焚烧飞灰;重金属;稳定化
摘要：
该研究合成一种含双二硫代氨基甲酸盐结构的螯合剂（TETA-DTC），用于稳定垃圾电厂飞灰中的6种重金属（Cd、Pb、Cu、Ni、Zn、Cr），通过比较TETA-DTC螯合剂与商用重金属稳定剂H的稳定化效果，探究TETA-DTC螯合剂对飞灰中重金属的稳定机理。结果表明，当TETA-DTC螯合剂添加量为4%时，可以使飞灰中6种重金属的浸出浓度低于GB 16889—2008《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》的限值，其中对Cd、Pb的稳定化率都超过98%，而稳定剂H在4%添加量时，不能使Cd、Pb浸出浓度达标，稳定化率低于90%，对于Zn、Ni，TEAT-DTC的效果也好于H，而对于Cu、Cr，二者的稳定效果相差不大；扫描电镜图显示，药剂稳定化处理后飞灰颗粒间空隙更小，颗粒与颗粒结合得更紧密，说明螯合剂对飞灰中金属有很好的稳定作用；红外光谱图显示，TETA-DTC中的N和S参与了螯合反应。
Stabilization of six heavy metals in waste incineration fly ash by dithiocarbamate chelating agent
CHEN Gang1,2, JIANG Juan2, CAO Liu2, LI Debo1, XIAN Qiming2
1. Southern Power Grid Power Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Abstract: In this study, a chelator (TETA-DTC) containing a bis-dithiocarbamate structure was synthesized to stabilize heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr) in fly ash from waste power plants. The stabilization mechanism of TETA-DTC chelator on heavy metals in fly ashes was investigated by comparing the stabilization effect of TETA-DTC chelator with a commercial heavy metal stabilizer H. The results showed that the leaching concentration of the six heavy metals in fly ashes could be lower than the limit value of the Pollution Control Standard for Domestic Waste Landfill (GB 16889-2008) when TETA-DTC chelator was used in 4% by weight, and the stabilization rate of both Cd and Pb exceeded 98%, while the stabilizer H used in 4% does not assure the leaching concentrations of Cd and Pb to meet the standard, and the stabilization rate is less than 90%. The effect of TEAT-DTC on the stabilization of Zn and Ni was better than that of the stabilizer H, but the stabilization effect of both chelating agents was not much different for Cu and Cr. SEMs show that the spaces between the fly ash particles are smaller and the particles are more tightly bound to each other after the stabilization treatment, indicating that TETA-DTC has a good stabilizing effect on the metals in the fly ashes. The FT-IR spectra showed that N and S in TETA-DTC were involved in the chelation reaction with metals.
Keywords: TETA-DTC chelating agent;waste incineration fly ash;heavy metals;stabilization
2023, 49(2):66-71 收稿日期: 2022-06-01;收到修改稿日期: 2022-07-21
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题（2021YFC1809101）
作者简介: 陈刚(1966-)男,湖北黄冈市人,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为燃料节能优化和能源综合利用
参考文献
[1] 李扬, 李金惠, 谭全银, 等. 我国城市生活垃圾处理行业发展与驱动力分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018, 38(11): 4173-4179
[2] 刘国威. 垃圾焚烧飞灰的重金属化学稳定化研究[D]. 广州: 中国科学院大学(中国科学院广州地球化学研究所), 2018.
[3] 宋倩楠. 二硫代氨基甲酸盐类螯合剂的合成及飞灰稳定化效果研究[D]. 北京: 北京化工大学, 2020.
[4] HAN Z, MA H, SHI G, et al. A review of groundwater contamination near municipal solid waste landfill sites in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 569: 1255-1264
[5] DERMATAS D, MENG X G. Utilization of fly ash for stabilization/solidification of heavy metal contaminated soils[J]. Engineering Geology, 2003, 70(3-4): 377-394
[6] MA W, CHEN D, PAN M, et al. Performance of chemical chelating agent stabilization and cement solidification on heavy metals in MSWI fly ash: A comparative study[J]. J Environ Manage, 2019, 247: 169-177
[7] 刘辉, 孟菁华, 史学峰. 生活垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属稳定化技术综述[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2016, 41(5): 69-71
[8] 罗忠涛, 肖宇领, 杨久俊, 等. 垃圾焚烧飞灰有毒重金属固化稳定技术研究综述[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2012, 34(8): 58-62
[9] 宋倩楠, 王峰, 唐一, 等. 螯合剂稳定飞灰的条件优化及螯合产物的稳定性评价[J]. 环境工程, 2020, 38(10): 190-195
[10] 朱子晗, 郭燕燕, 赵由才, 等. 垃圾焚烧飞灰中Pb及特征药剂稳定化处理[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(6): 2737-2743
[11] WANG F H, ZHANG F, CHEN Y J, et al. A comparative study on the heavy metal solidification/stabilization performance of four chemical solidifying agents in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2015, 300: 451-458
[12] 廖强强, 李义久, 相波, 等. 含双DTC基团的螯合剂及其制备方法: CN101215250[P]. 2008-07-09.
[13] CHANG C Y, CHIANG H L, SU Z J, et al. A sequential extraction method measures the toxic metal content in fly ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator[J]. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 2005, 52(5): 921-926
[14] 吴俊斌, 廖建波, 吴超飞, 等. 带ORS的ICP-MS测定沉积物中重金属总量及形态含量方法的优化[J]. 中国测试, 2016, 42(5): 50-55
[15] 张文燕, 郝紫阳, 赖璐, 等. 一种DTC清水剂的合成及性能评价[J]. 工业水处理, 2021, 41(12): 72-76
[16] 李丽, 刘伟. 一种有机硫类絮凝剂DTC的合成及性能评价[J]. 油田化学, 2007(1): 48-52
[17] 常文静, 李枝坚, 周妍姿, 等. 深圳市不同功能区土壤表层重金属污染及其综合生态风险评价[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(3): 999-1007
[18] 朱节民, 李梦雅, 郑德聪, 等. 重庆市垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属分布特征及药剂稳定化处理[J]. 环境化学, 2018, 37(4): 880-888
[19] 胡艳军, 孙铁. 不同粒径垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属富集特性表征[J]. 环境化学, 2012, 31(11): 1717-1723
[20] 彭熙. 城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰特性及其重金属电动去除实验研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2012.
[21] HAO H, WANG F, ZHANG F, et al. Synthesis of heavy metal trapping agent, tetrathio bicarbamic acid and its trapping capacity for Cu-containing wastewater[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2013, 33(12): 45-48
[22] ZHEN H B, XU Q, HU Y Y, et al. Characteristics of heavy metals capturing agent dithiocarbamate (DTC) for treatment of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid-Cu (EDTA-Cu) contaminated wastewater[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2012, 209: 547-557
[23] 刘立华, 刘一达, 叶小倩, 等. 一种N-二硫代甲酸基-N, N-二乙酸钠螯合剂的制备方法: CN108314638B[P]. 2019-12-17.
