作者：李伟, 李天伟, 陈晓峰, 韩云东, 袁群哲

作者单位：海军大连舰艇学院航海系，辽宁 大连 116018

关键词：高纬海区;陀螺罗经;指向误差;数据拟合;误差补偿

摘要：

为客观准确描述其误差规律，对高纬海区陀螺罗经指向稳定性和准确性进行测试和分析。首先，利用船舶在白令海至北极东北航道实测的陀螺罗经指向数据，通过对比高精度GPS光纤罗经指向数据，分析陀螺罗经在北半球高纬地区指向的稳定性和误差分布特性；其次，利用最小二乘法获取陀螺罗经误差拟合曲线和拟合参数，分析拟合效果；最后，利用拟合参数建立高纬海区陀螺罗经指向误差补偿模型，并使用高纬海区陀螺罗经其他指向数据开展误差补偿验证。仿真结果表明：经过误差补偿，陀螺罗经误差在高纬海区的指向误差明显减小，在纬度78.0°N以下海区补偿残差不超过0.8°，满足舰船高纬海区航行的指向需求。

Analysis and compensation of gyrocompass pointing error in high latitude sea area
LI Wei, LI Tianwei, CHEN Xiaofeng, HAN Yundong, YUAN Qunzhe
Dept. of Marine Navigation, Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian 116018, China
Abstract: In order to describe the error rule objectively and accurately, the stability and accuracy of gyrocompass in high latitude sea area had been tested and analyzed. First of all, by comparing the high-precision GPS fiber-optic gyrocompass direction data, the gyrocompass direction data was used to analyze the stability and error distribution characteristics of the gyrocompass direction in the high latitude area, which was measured by the ship from the Bering Sea to the Northeast Arctic channel. Second, the least square method was used to obtain the gyrocompass error fitting curve and parameters, and analyzed the fitting effect. Finally, the error compensation model of gyrocompass in high latitude sea area was established by using fitting parameters, and the error compensation verification was carried out by using other pointing data of gyrocompass. The simulation results show that the precision of gyrocompass error in high latitude sea area is obviously improved after the compensation of pointing error, and the compensating residual error in sea area below 78.0°N latitude is less than 0.8°, which can meet the needs of ship navigation in high latitude sea area.
Keywords: high latitude sea area;gyrocompass;pointing error;data fitting;error compensation
2020, 46(11):5-9  收稿日期: 2020-05-09;收到修改稿日期: 2020-06-04
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41601498）；国防科研基金资助项目（2016-JNKY-HJ-0008）
作者简介: 李伟(1981-),男,湖北天门市人,讲师,博士,主要从事军事航海及智能导航研究
参考文献
[1] 龙礼, 黄家才. MEMS陀螺随机误差辨识与降噪技术[J]. 测试技术学报, 2020, 34(2): 110-115
[2] 吴建华, 王政, 陈宇里. “永盛”轮穿越北极东北航道航行数据分析[J]. 航海技术, 2018(1): 19-22
[3] 廉璞, 牟东, 叶海福. 基于航向误差的捷联陀螺罗经标定方法[J]. 电光与控制, 2020, 27(2): 75-78
[4] 施闻明, 杨晓东. 陀螺罗经的航向效应标定与补偿[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2008(5): 89-91
[5] 姜永刚, 郭良, 贾志强. 航天测量船惯导平台航向效应的动态标定与补偿[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2011, 33(2): 112-115
[6] 陈建国, 李锋. 减小电控罗经误差随纬度变化的方法研究[J]. 舰船电子工程, 2014, 34(3): 65-67
[7] 寇连坡. 利用GPS卫星导航仪信息自动消除陀螺罗经的指向误差[J]. 青岛远洋船员学院学报, 2007(4): 11-13
[8] 胡耀金, 卞鸿巍, 马恒. 基于模糊层次分析的船用光纤陀螺罗经性能评估方法[J]. 导航定位与授时, 2020, 7(2): 28-34
[9] 贺国峰, 张晓. 极区航行中罗经的使用[J]. 航海技术, 2016(5): 29-32
[10] 刘会纳. GPS光纤罗经在北极航行中的应用[J]. 中国远洋海运, 2017(2): 68-70
[11] 夏卫星, 杨晓东. 基于最小二乘法的电罗经匀转向航向误差修正方法[J]. 船海工程, 2009, 38(4): 183-184