作者：伍川辉, 周灿, 靳行

作者单位：西南交通大学机械工程学院, 四川 成都 610031

关键词：内燃机车;降噪;谱分析;工作变形分析

摘要：

为解决某地铁调度用的内燃机车司机室噪声过大的问题，设计噪声与振动测试系统进行研究。通过振动谱与工作变形分析（operational deflection shape，ODS）技术定位到司机室结构噪声重要声源，并结合声频谱筛选出空气噪声能量聚集的重要频带。试验结果表明，对结构噪声的改造使司机室在发动机转速2 100 r/min时噪声平均下降4 dB（A），联合空气声改造后司机室综合降噪效果为10.5 dB（A）。结构噪声改造后的降噪效果证实用振动分析来确定结构噪声源的可靠性，在此基础上辅以空气声降噪可以达到良好的综合降噪效果。现场测试中应用该降噪思路以较少的分析时间和成本，带来较好降噪效果。

Vibration spectrum and ODS for studying noise reduction of diesel railcar
WU Chuanhui, ZHOU Can, JIN Hang
School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
Abstract: In order to reduce the noise level in cab of the diesel railcar, an experiment was designed to test and study the noise and vibration inside the vehicle. Vibration spectrum and operational deflection shape were applied to locate the source of structural noise inside the cab, and noise spectrum was applied to find those key frequency band where air-borne sound energy was gathered. The test results showed that the noise inside the cab was reduced of 4 dB(A) average by reforming of the structural noise at the engine speed of 2 100 r/min, and 10.5 dB(A) after a joint reconstruction with weakening the air-borne sound. The effect of noise reduction from structural noise reconstruction confirmed that it was reliable to apply vibration analysis to find the source of structural noise. And then with the addition of air-borne noise reduction good effect was resulted. In field test, this thought of noise reduction spent little time and cost and achieved a good result.
Keywords: diesel railcar;noise reduction;spectrum analysis;ODS
2019, 45(6):131-137  收稿日期: 2018-01-03;收到修改稿日期: 2018-03-18
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51475387）
作者简介: 伍川辉(1964-),男,湖南长沙市人,副教授,硕士,研究方向为检测技术,故障诊断
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